This article addresses the topic of persecution of religious minorities and focuses on the case of Rohingya minority in Myanmar. It aims at demonstrating that the peculiar combination of political (and military) action, and targeted legislative intervention of the Burmese regime has been conceived to progressively eliminate the Rohingya minority and to cancel its specific ethno-religious identity. The article aims also to highlight that the recent escalation of the Burmese army’s intervention against the Rohingya villages have forced the international community to react. Indeed, following the mass atrocities committed during the operations conducted in the late August 2017, and the mass exodus of hundred of thousand of Rohingyas towards Bangladesh, both the International Criminal Court and the International Court of Justice have been called upon to intervene; the first one has to decide on the responsibility of Burmese military and political leaders for crimes against humanity and the second one on the responsibility of Myanmar for crime of genocide.