ABSTRACT

The article explores the complementary relationship between justice and mercy in canon law, with particular focus on penal procedures, extrajudicial and judicial. Drawing on the magisterium of John Paul II, Benedict XVI, and Francis, it argues that true mercy does not lie in the absence of norms, but in applying the most appropriate legal provision to each case, in order to ascertain the truth, correct the offender, and safeguard the ecclesial common good. The central role of the diocesan bishop – emphasized by the motu proprio Mitis Iudex Dominus Iesus and the Apostolic Constitution Pascite gregem Dei – is examined in balance with the competence of the Holy See. The canonical system is presented through six levels of intervention, ranging from fraternal correction to penal trials and special faculties, thereby showing how justice and mercy converge in the pursuit of the good of souls and of the Church community.