Data of a religious nature assume considerable relevance in contemporary multicultural and multireligious societies. The risks arising from the unlawful processing of this particular category of data impose, also for the purposes of adequate protection of the right to religious freedom of every individual, the need for specific protection, which can be guaranteed even more satisfactorily by the involvement of religious rights. It is no coincidence that Article 91(1) GDPR admits the operation, alongside civil regulations, of specific confessional regulations, intended to regulate the intra-ecclesial processing of personal data, also with a view to enhancing the organisational and organisational autonomy granted to religious denominations. In addition to the possible applicative conflicts - investigated specifically in relation to the Italian legal system - the book, through an examination of the various normative interventions elaborated in the confessional sphere, underlines the main criticalities that can still derive from the application of certain provisions of the GDPR, which are indeed capable of compromising the autonomy of those religious organisations that have not provided for the issuing of their own normative solutions or the designation of a specific supervisory authority.